SELECT 
  cscart_multi_decproducts_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_multi_decproducts_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_multi_decproducts_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_multi_decproducts_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_multi_decproducts_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_multi_deccategories ON cscart_multi_deccategories.category_id = cscart_multi_decproducts_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_multi_deccategories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_multi_deccategories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_multi_deccategories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_multi_deccategories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_multi_deccategories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_multi_decproducts_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_multi_decproducts_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 203 
WHERE 
  cscart_multi_decproducts_categories.product_id IN (
    187, 232, 230, 231, 170, 131, 177, 186, 
    185, 179, 233, 152, 160, 237, 235, 122, 
    115, 129, 127, 188, 124, 236, 234, 150
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_multi_decproducts_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00100

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "32.00"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_temporary_table": true,
      "using_filesort": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "sort_cost": "0.63"
      },
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_multi_deccategories",
            "access_type": "ALL",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 84,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "4.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "19.61",
              "eval_cost": "0.67",
              "prefix_cost": "20.28",
              "data_read_per_join": "8K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "storefront_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`vishalecarter_multi_dec`.`cscart_multi_deccategories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`vishalecarter_multi_dec`.`cscart_multi_deccategories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or find_in_set(0,`vishalecarter_multi_dec`.`cscart_multi_deccategories`.`usergroup_ids`) or find_in_set(1,`vishalecarter_multi_dec`.`cscart_multi_deccategories`.`usergroup_ids`)) and (`vishalecarter_multi_dec`.`cscart_multi_deccategories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_multi_decproducts_categories",
            "access_type": "ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "vishalecarter_multi_dec.cscart_multi_deccategories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 2,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 0,
            "filtered": "9.33",
            "index_condition": "(`vishalecarter_multi_dec`.`cscart_multi_decproducts_categories`.`product_id` in (187,232,230,231,170,131,177,186,185,179,233,152,160,237,235,122,115,129,127,188,124,236,234,150))",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "9.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.13",
              "prefix_cost": "30.63",
              "data_read_per_join": "10"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "vishalecarter_multi_dec.cscart_multi_decproducts_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 0,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "0.63",
              "eval_cost": "0.13",
              "prefix_cost": "31.38",
              "data_read_per_join": "10"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
115 208M
122 208M
124 208M
127 209M
129 209M
131 209M
150 210M
152 210M
160 210M
170 212M
177 212M
179 212M
185 214M
186 214M
187 214M
188 213M
230 216M
231 216M
232 216M
233 217M
234 217M
235 217M
236 218M
237 218M