SELECT 
  cscart_multi_decproducts_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_multi_decproducts_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_multi_decproducts_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_multi_decproducts_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids 
FROM 
  cscart_multi_decproducts_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_multi_deccategories ON cscart_multi_deccategories.category_id = cscart_multi_decproducts_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_multi_deccategories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_multi_deccategories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_multi_deccategories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_multi_deccategories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_multi_deccategories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
WHERE 
  cscart_multi_decproducts_categories.product_id IN (
    25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 
    36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 
    46, 47, 48
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_multi_decproducts_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00067

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "31.33"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_temporary_table": true,
      "using_filesort": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "sort_cost": "0.70"
      },
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_multi_deccategories",
            "access_type": "ALL",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 84,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "4.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "19.61",
              "eval_cost": "0.67",
              "prefix_cost": "20.28",
              "data_read_per_join": "8K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "storefront_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`vishalecarter_multi_dec`.`cscart_multi_deccategories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`vishalecarter_multi_dec`.`cscart_multi_deccategories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or find_in_set(0,`vishalecarter_multi_dec`.`cscart_multi_deccategories`.`usergroup_ids`) or find_in_set(1,`vishalecarter_multi_dec`.`cscart_multi_deccategories`.`usergroup_ids`)) and (`vishalecarter_multi_dec`.`cscart_multi_deccategories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_multi_decproducts_categories",
            "access_type": "ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "vishalecarter_multi_dec.cscart_multi_deccategories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 2,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 0,
            "filtered": "10.45",
            "index_condition": "(`vishalecarter_multi_dec`.`cscart_multi_decproducts_categories`.`product_id` in (25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48))",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "9.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.14",
              "prefix_cost": "30.63",
              "data_read_per_join": "11"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids
25 195M
26 220M
27 225M
28 225M
29 176M
30 176M
31 225M
32 176M
33 176M
34 225M
35 220M
36 220M
37 185M
38 225M
39 185M
40 185M
41 225M
42 185M
43 185M
44 221M
45 221M
46 221M
47 247M
48 186M