SELECT 
  cscart_june_setupproducts_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_june_setupproducts_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_june_setupproducts_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_june_setupproducts_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids 
FROM 
  cscart_june_setupproducts_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_june_setupcategories ON cscart_june_setupcategories.category_id = cscart_june_setupproducts_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_june_setupcategories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_june_setupcategories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_june_setupcategories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_june_setupcategories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_june_setupcategories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
WHERE 
  cscart_june_setupproducts_categories.product_id IN (
    26, 35, 47, 81, 107, 109, 91, 92, 161, 188, 
    202, 203, 34, 31, 38, 80
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_june_setupproducts_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00063

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "31.07"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_temporary_table": true,
      "using_filesort": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "sort_cost": "0.53"
      },
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_june_setupcategories",
            "access_type": "ALL",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 84,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "4.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "19.53",
              "eval_cost": "0.67",
              "prefix_cost": "20.20",
              "data_read_per_join": "8K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "storefront_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`vishalecarter_june_setup`.`cscart_june_setupcategories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`vishalecarter_june_setup`.`cscart_june_setupcategories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or find_in_set(0,`vishalecarter_june_setup`.`cscart_june_setupcategories`.`usergroup_ids`) or find_in_set(1,`vishalecarter_june_setup`.`cscart_june_setupcategories`.`usergroup_ids`)) and (`vishalecarter_june_setup`.`cscart_june_setupcategories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_june_setupproducts_categories",
            "access_type": "ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "vishalecarter_june_setup.cscart_june_setupcategories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 2,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 0,
            "filtered": "7.84",
            "index_condition": "(`vishalecarter_june_setup`.`cscart_june_setupproducts_categories`.`product_id` in (26,35,47,81,107,109,91,92,161,188,202,203,34,31,38,80))",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "9.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.11",
              "prefix_cost": "30.55",
              "data_read_per_join": "8"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids
26 220M
31 225M
34 225M
35 220M
38 225M
47 247M
80 226M
81 226M
91 227M
92 227M
107 227M
109 227M
161 198M,199
188 213M
202 230M
203 230M