SELECT 
  cscart_aprilproducts_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_aprilproducts_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_aprilproducts_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_aprilproducts_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids 
FROM 
  cscart_aprilproducts_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_aprilcategories ON cscart_aprilcategories.category_id = cscart_aprilproducts_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_aprilcategories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_aprilcategories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_aprilcategories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_aprilcategories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_aprilcategories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
WHERE 
  cscart_aprilproducts_categories.product_id IN (
    165, 166, 86, 106, 105, 247, 101, 33, 32, 
    163, 244, 212, 155, 102, 55, 176, 69, 
    138, 110, 36, 206, 28, 184, 183
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_aprilproducts_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00121

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "31.20"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_temporary_table": true,
      "using_filesort": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "sort_cost": "0.65"
      },
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_aprilcategories",
            "access_type": "ALL",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 84,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "4.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "19.53",
              "eval_cost": "0.67",
              "prefix_cost": "20.20",
              "data_read_per_join": "8K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "storefront_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`vishalecarter_april_setup`.`cscart_aprilcategories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`vishalecarter_april_setup`.`cscart_aprilcategories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or find_in_set(0,`vishalecarter_april_setup`.`cscart_aprilcategories`.`usergroup_ids`) or find_in_set(1,`vishalecarter_april_setup`.`cscart_aprilcategories`.`usergroup_ids`)) and (`vishalecarter_april_setup`.`cscart_aprilcategories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_aprilproducts_categories",
            "access_type": "ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "vishalecarter_april_setup.cscart_aprilcategories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 2,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 0,
            "filtered": "9.70",
            "index_condition": "(`vishalecarter_april_setup`.`cscart_aprilproducts_categories`.`product_id` in (165,166,86,106,105,247,101,33,32,163,244,212,155,102,55,176,69,138,110,36,206,28,184,183))",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "9.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.13",
              "prefix_cost": "30.55",
              "data_read_per_join": "10"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids
28 225M
32 176M
33 176M
36 220M
55 187M
69 236M
86 238M
101 238M
102 227M
105 238M
106 238M
110 243M
138 249M
155 181M
163 198M,199
165 199,198M
166 199,198M
176 252M
183 200M
184 200M
206 171M
212 172M
244 168M
247 165M