SELECT 
  cscart_aprilproducts_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_aprilproducts_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_aprilproducts_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_aprilproducts_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_aprilproducts_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_aprilcategories ON cscart_aprilcategories.category_id = cscart_aprilproducts_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_aprilcategories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_aprilcategories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_aprilcategories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_aprilcategories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_aprilcategories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_aprilproducts_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_aprilproducts_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 166 
WHERE 
  cscart_aprilproducts_categories.product_id IN (
    145, 117, 113, 157, 68, 29, 6, 8, 14, 9, 
    10, 19, 21, 50, 51, 49, 48, 54, 153, 164, 
    248, 65, 64, 63
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_aprilproducts_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00127

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "32.26"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_temporary_table": true,
      "using_filesort": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "sort_cost": "0.78"
      },
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_aprilcategories",
            "access_type": "ALL",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 84,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 3,
            "filtered": "4.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "19.53",
              "eval_cost": "0.67",
              "prefix_cost": "20.20",
              "data_read_per_join": "8K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "storefront_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`vishalecarter_april_setup`.`cscart_aprilcategories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`vishalecarter_april_setup`.`cscart_aprilcategories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or find_in_set(0,`vishalecarter_april_setup`.`cscart_aprilcategories`.`usergroup_ids`) or find_in_set(1,`vishalecarter_april_setup`.`cscart_aprilcategories`.`usergroup_ids`)) and (`vishalecarter_april_setup`.`cscart_aprilcategories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_aprilproducts_categories",
            "access_type": "ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "vishalecarter_april_setup.cscart_aprilcategories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 2,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 0,
            "filtered": "11.57",
            "index_condition": "(`vishalecarter_april_setup`.`cscart_aprilproducts_categories`.`product_id` in (145,117,113,157,68,29,6,8,14,9,10,19,21,50,51,49,48,54,153,164,248,65,64,63))",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "9.00",
              "eval_cost": "0.16",
              "prefix_cost": "30.55",
              "data_read_per_join": "12"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "vishalecarter_april_setup.cscart_aprilproducts_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 0,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "0.78",
              "eval_cost": "0.16",
              "prefix_cost": "31.48",
              "data_read_per_join": "12"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids position
6 191M
8 190,193M
9 190,193M
10 190,193M
14 191M
19 194M
21 194M
29 176M
48 186M
49 186M
50 186M
51 186M
54 202M
63 189M
64 189M
65 189M
68 236M
113 237M
117 237M
145 179M
153 181M
157 181M
164 198M,199
248 248M,255